Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Kualitas Air Sungai Berbasis Web Dengan Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) Untuk Deteksi Dini Pencemaran Lingkungan

Abstract

River water quality is a critical indicator of environmental health and ecosystem sustainability. In Indonesia, many rivers experience significant water quality degradation due to uncontrolled industrial, domestic, and agricultural activities. Conventional monitoring methods involving manual sampling and laboratory analysis are time-consuming, costly, and unable to provide real-time data. This study aims to design and build a web-based river water quality monitoring information system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology for early detection of environmental pollution. The system integrates pH sensors, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensors, and temperature sensors connected to an ESP32 microcontroller, transmitting data wirelessly to a cloud-based server. The system was developed using the Waterfall methodology, consisting of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Features include real-time monitoring, automatic water quality classification, dashboard visualization, early warning notifications, historical data, and automated reporting. Data were collected through direct sensor measurements on river water samples over 30 days. Testing was conducted using Black Box Testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) with 30 respondents. The results show that the system successfully increases monitoring duration from 8 hours to 24 hours per day, improves pollution detection accuracy from 60% to 92%, and reduces problem detection time from 12 hours to 1 hour. The UAT results show a user satisfaction score of 4.36 (very good category). This study concludes that the web-based IoT water quality monitoring system is effective for early detection of river pollution and can be implemented in various locations with different river characteristics.