Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Kebakaran Rumah Berbasis Internet Of Things (IoT) Menggunakan Mikrokontroller ESP 32

Abstract

Fire is one of the most frequent accidents, causing loss of life, material damage, and environmental health issues due to smoke exposure. Residential areas have the highest fire incidence rate in Indonesia, often triggered by electrical short circuits and LPG gas cylinder leaks. Delays in fire handling often occur due to late information received by the fire department. This study aims to design and build a home fire detection system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using an ESP 32 microcontroller to provide early warning notifications via the Telegram application. The system integrates a fire sensor, smoke sensor, and temperature sensor as inputs, processed by the ESP 32 microcontroller. The outputs include an LCD to display sensor readings, a buzzer as an audible alarm, and Telegram for remote real-time notifications. The research employs an experimental methodology involving system design, subsystem design, and testing. The results show that the system successfully detects fire presence, smoke, and temperature increases in the room. Testing revealed an ESP 32 error rate of 0.01% to 0.02%, fire sensor readings of 491, buzzer power of 0.02 w/m2 to 0.19 w/m2, power supply of 120 watts, temperature sensor readings of 280 C to 450 C, and smoke sensor readings of 0.34375. The system concludes that the IoT-based fire detector effectively provides early warning via Telegram, reducing the risk of larger fire incidents.